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Nom de l'objet : square piano
Artiste ou artisan : Richard Horsburgh: Piano signed "Richardus Horsburgh, Edingburgi Fecit." There is a nearly identical square piano by Horsburgh in the Georgian House, 7 Charlotte Square, Edinburgh. Horsburgh was active in Edinburgh in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries and made keyboard instruments of both piano and harpsichord type.
Catégorie de l'objet : Tools & Equipment for Communication
Discipline : History
Matériaux : wood, mahogany
Numéro d'accession : 981 018
Pays d'origine : Scotland
Date de fin de production : 1801
Description : George II; having a five octave keyboard; horizontal strings; having a 'mop-head' hammer mechanism with a system of metal damper levers without any sustain mechanism (i.e., a 'loud pedal') or muting mechanisms; plain rectangular mahogany case with inlaid boxwood and ebony stringing; upon a matching stand with tapered square legs with 2 stretchers and brass castors; decorative brass oval plates above each leg; 'Richardus Horsburgh; Edinburgi Fecit' written in an inlaid oval set above middle of keys
Commentaires : William Horsburgh square grand piano serial #261. Dated 1801 (written on topmost key). Tuned to a pitch of A=415 (a common pitch standard of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries).
Source: Thomas S. Hathaway, Janson Piano Company, correspondence to Mr. J.R.A. Turner, Campbell House (restoration estimate), February 26,1989, RP file.

Young women in the late 18th and early 19th centuries often learned watercolour painting and music. "The keyboard was the traditional musical instrument of ladies, and the introduction of the piano forte in 1758, a forerunner of the 'upright', placed this instrument in all the country's best drawing rooms. Haydn, Handel, Mozart and Beethoven were all played around this time. ...Evening entertainment for ladies and gentlemen would typically include piano-playing."
Source: Watkins, Susan, "Jane Austen's Town and Country Style". Rizzoli International Publications, Inc., New York, 1990.

Included in the list of items for sale from the Firth house in 1811 was a piano 'inlaid with Satinwood'.
Source: Firth, Edith, G., "The Town of York". University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 1962, p.lxxxii.

The term 'piano' derives from its first published description by Scepione Maffei, who called it 'gravicembalo col piano e forte', meaning 'harpsichord with loud and soft'. 18th century English sources used 'pianaforte', 'fortepiano' and 'pianoforte'.
Since the third quarter of the 18th century it has played a central role in music-making, both professional and domestic, due for the most part to certain advantages it held over its predecessors - the clavichord and harpsichord. The pianoforte, for example, was able to play notes of varying degrees of loudness (allowing crescendoes and decrescendoes), and with the later introduction of pedals, could sustain notes after the fingers had left the keys. The square pianoforte, with its horizontal rectangular case, was the most common domestic keyboard instrument throughout the 19th century, until the introduction of the upright form.
Source: Sadie, Stanley, ed. "The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians". MacMillan Publishing, 1980, vol.14, p.682, and vol.18, p.30.
Hauteur : 98.90
Largeur : 158.30
Profondeur : 54.80
Unité de mesure linéaire : cm
Nombre de parties composantes : height with music stand closed: 83.9
Établissement : Campbell House Museum  Facebook-Campbell House Museum  Twitter-Campbell House Museum  YouTube-Campbell House Museum
Ville de l'établissement : Toronto
Province de l'établissement : Ontario

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