traveler
Keswick Ridge Historical Society
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| Nom de l'objet : | traveler |
| Type de l'objet : | measure |
| Catégorie de l'objet : | Tools and Equipment for Materials |
| Sous-catégorie de l'objet : | Metalworking Tools and Equipment |
| Matériaux : | wood metal |
| Numéro d'accession : | K12.19.01 |
| Description : | Consists of wheel, handle and metal bolt. Wooden handle is carved and roughly 25 cm long. A slot, approximately 10 cm long has been cut into the handle forming two arms to accept the wheel. Holes have been drilled near the end of the arms to accept the axle. This wheel is 16 cm in diameter and tapers to the outside forming a slightly rounded edge. The axle appears to be hand forged and consists of a hand threaded bolt and a somewhat square nut. The wheel is smooth with no distinguishing measurement marks. |
| Commentaires : | Very early |
| Fonctions : | A wheel like tool with one to two feet circumference used by blacksmiths to measure the circumference of a wheel rim or tire by counting the revolutions as it turns. Making a carriage would involve a wainwright, a wheelwright, a blacksmith, a coat trimmer and a painter. Wheelwrighting was an exacting craft that needed to be done with extraordinary accuracy. Unlike an ordinary joiner, a wheelwright uses no glue. He also needed to know abut wood and to understand stresses and strains. To make wheel, start with an oak or elm log, dried for three to five years and cut it to length. If not perfectly dry, the hub you are about to make will shrink and crack. Trace out the circumference on the end of the block. Place on the lathe and turn it into a proper shape with gouges and chisels. Mark, drill, and chisel out hub mortises into which the spokes will fit. This is delicate work because the spokes of a well made wheel - which are 14 at back and 12 at the front - are dished; meaning they do not emerge perpendicular to the hub, but slant outwards from the centre. Hub mortises and spoke tenons have, therefore, to be cut at a slight angle. Spokes are made of ash or oak and it also must be well seasoned or dried. Spoke templates are used to obtain the basic shape of the spoke but they need to be properly shaped. This is done on a wooden bench where the wheelwright sits and clamps the spoke in place with a foot treadle and uses a tool called a spokeshave to shape the spoke. When the spokes are all shaped to satisfaction, they are then driven into the mortises of the hub. Great care is taken that the spokes are driven in tightly, but no tight enough to split the hub. They also must be driven in at precisely the right angle and alignment. Next a tang is cut on the outer end of the spoke to allow it to fit into the hole drilled into its corresponding felloe. A felloe is the shaped wooden blocks that make up the wheels rim. The felloes are cut using templates. There are 1/2 as many felloes as there are spokes. The ends of each feloe are beveled and a locating dowel is used to hole the assembly in place. Then each felloe is fit carefully on to its spokes with the help of a tool called a spoke dog. Finally, the circumference of the wheel is measured (add a bit) to a tool called a traveler. A piece of iron is cut to length and is bent in a tire bender or roller. The ends are welded together and is put into a fierce fire and heated until it is white hot. When it reaches this temperature, it is then dropped over the wooden wheel and knocked and levered into place with tire dogs, tampers and sledgehammers. Once in place it is immediately cooled with water and the expanded metal shrinks and pulls the wooden wheel together under great and permanent pressure. |
| Unité de mesure linéaire : | cm |
| Nombre d'objets : | 1 |
| Nombre de parties composantes : | 3 |
| Nom des parties composantes : | wheel handle bolt |
| Établissement : |
Keswick Ridge Historical Society
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| Ville de l'établissement : | Keswick Ridge |
| Province de l'établissement : | New Brunswick |
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